Public Administration Concepts Free Essay Example, 3000 words

The researcher states that various concepts differentiate public sectors from private sectors. These are the very concepts that define the public sector, giving it its unique characteristics. While profit quality, efficiency, and effectiveness that characterize the private sector aim at profit maximization, the public sector lacks most of these qualities. The public sector, being an expansive sector covers various areas, offering services that most of the poor and the low-income earners in the cities rely on. Because of the nature of services provided by the public sector, the government creates monopolies, ensuring that it is the sole provider of these services to the people. The government, in an effort to protect investors from intensive capital projects with high risks, provides such important services and amenities to the people. Thus, it denies legislation of the private sector investors in providing services such as sewerage, water, electricity, transports and a variety of ot her services to the people. The public sector further restricts its operations to service provision, shy of production and products manufacturing. In some instances, however, the government provides essential goods that it believes that if the private sector was to provide to the people, it would culminate in exploitation and increased costs to the people. We will write a custom essay sample on Public Administration Concepts or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Some of the public institutions provide personalized services to the people while others provide impersonal services. Unlike in the private sector where personalized services cost more and thus are unaffordable to the larger population, public sector charges reasonable fees for such services, thus making them available to the people. The nature of the services required by the population determines the kind of institution that a government establishes in a specific area. However, there are services that the government provides to the people without considering the demand by the people. Security, water and electricity are necessities that the government has to put in place regardless of the demand from the population

Small Business Approach Value Creation By Finding Out If...

Abstract This dissertation‘s aim is to help small business approach value creation by finding out if there is a ROI number that can give way to only positive IRRs. The present work explored on the relationship established by Ijiri in 1978, Salamon in 1982 and Stark in 1987 between the cash recovery rate and the economic profit. In essence, the deviations that occur between ROI and IRR are because of the timing of the returns and the time horizon of the project. To take this matter into account, a model that generates the outcomes of an investment project was created. The results that stem from this model were later graphed and analyzed, concluding that IRRs that come from single ROIs can be delimited, but this delimitation cannot be defined, since data seems to cluster as ROI gets bigger. Furthermore, when results are extrapolated it can be determined that there is no ROI figure that results in no negative IRRs. This suggests SMEs must be careful when evaluating projects solely by the r eturn on the investment. Introduction 1.1 Background The creation of value is a vital activity to the success of a firm. Gabriel Hawawini and Claude Viallet rightfully argue in their book Finance for Executives: Managing for Value Creation (Hawawini Viallet, 2011) that â€Å"Managers should manage their firm’s resources with the objective of increasing the firm’s value†. This is evident, as a value deficit will make the firm unable to attract equity capital to fund its projects (Hawawini Show MoreRelatedEffects of Social Networking on Business Growth Development3775 Words   |  16 PagesCHAPTER ONE introduction The advent of the Atomic or Space Age has focused attention on the specific approach to business decision making. In no field of management has this been more pronounced than in the field of marketing. 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TheRead MoreImplementation and Use of ERP Systems18074 Words   |  72 Pagesenterprise resource planning systems for improved business intelligence and decision making at ABC company Keywords and phrases in this document are: ABC (Activity based costing) IT (Information Technology) COTS (Commercial off the Shelf) MRP (Manufacturing Resource Planning) ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) CEMLI (Configurations/Customization, Extension, Modification, Localization, and Integration) XYZABC (Information Technology Centre) BU (Business Unit) ROI (Returns on investment), ROC (Returns on Customers)Read MoreImpact Of Digital Marketing On E Commerce9734 Words   |  39 PagesPROJECT REPORT ON â€Å"IMPACT OF DIGITAL MARKETING OR E-COMMERCE IN CURRENT BUSINESS SCENARIO† (A CASE STUDY OF TATA CONSULTANCY SERVICES) SUBMITTED BY ANKUR NARANG ENROLLMENT NO.: 1321000782 UNDER SUPERVISION OF MR. SUPREET SINGH Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for qualifying P G PROGRAMME IN MANAGEMENT In (MARKETING) INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY CENTRE FOR DISTANCE LEARNING GHAZIABAD MAY, 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER CONTENTSRead MoreGlobal Strategy and Leadership7994 Words   |  32 Pagesof strategy are treated as discrete, sequential activities. Chandler (1962) defined strategies as a straightforward process made up of two chronological activities. The following steps are typical of the method employed in this approach: 1. The establishment of clear strategic objectives 2. The analysis of an organisation’s strategic situation, its external environment, and its internal resources and capabilities. 3. The generation, evaluation and choiceRead MoreCustomer Relationship Management20711 Words   |  83 Pagestransaction-based marketing to customer retention by aiming at effective management (Christopher et al., 1991). The base of customer relationship management is relationship marketing and it stresses on profits generated through customer, lifetime value, retention and satisfaction created through implementing effective management (Chen and Popovich, 2003). Main aim of relationship marketing is to enable organizations to attain and maintain long-term healthy relationships with the customers in orderRead MoreLean Manufacturing5108 Words   |  21 Pages Design/methodology/approach – A combination of comprehensive literature review and visits to ten SMEs based in the East of the UK were employed in the study. The companies’ practices were observed to highlight the degree of lean manufacturing utilisation within these companies. This was followed by interviewing of the relevant and key personnel involved in lean implementation. Results were analysed and validated through workshops, case studies and Delphi techniques. Findings – Several critical factorsRead MoreIct 231 Exam Marking Guide5022 Words   |  21 Pagesdevelopment life cycle b. adaptive approach c. predictive approach d. waterfall approach 4. ____ is organising and directing other people to achieve a planned result within a predetermined schedule and budget. a. Risk management b. Weighted scoring c. Project management d. Payback analysis 5. The ____ of the system determines the amount of effort, which then determines the time and cost of the project. a. net present value b. benefits c. scope d. ROI 6. The ____ is the sequence ofRead MoreFamily Dollar Human Resources Organizational Analysis7933 Words   |  32 PagesStrategic HR Plan IV. Business Case V. References I. Executive Summary/Overview of Family Dollar EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This organizational analysis is an assessment of Family Dollar Inc., in regards to its overall strategic Human Resource functions. The analysis and recommendations are based on survey results, which were gathered from key employees in the organization. Based on our survey findings, we were able to assessRead MoreVb Sof 54012008 Words   |  49 Pagesactivities or transactions. ____ 2. Business-to-consumer electronic commerce occurs when a person sells an item through a Web auction site to another person. ____ 3. An airline ticket is an excellent example of an item with a high value-to-weight ratio. ____ 4. Electronic commerce reduces the speed and accuracy with which businesses can exchange information. ____ 5. Electronic payment can be easier to audit and monitor than payment made by check. ____ 6. Using the value chain reinforces the idea thatRead MoreFriar Tuck3015 Words   |  13 Pagesrelevance to the strategic plan† (Wideman, 1999). This of course is much easier said then done. However after completing the first step of the project by insuring that the project is necessary and pertains to the organizational mission the next step is finding the right person to oversee the project. This position is much like a quarterback leading a team to the goal line for a touchdown. To many the life of a project manager is simple; deliver a project according to three criteria: on time, on budget

Crime, Law, and Society Free Essays

Criminal Justice in America, solitary confinement or separate confinement is defined as a penitentiary system in which each inmate is held in isolation from other inmates, and all activities take place within the cells. In 1787, the Philadelphia Society for Alleviating the Miseries of Public Prisons was formed by Quakers after they became inspired by John Howard, an English Sheriff who had written about the horrible conditions in prisons he had visited. This society argued that criminals could be reformed if they were placed in penitentiaries and isolated room society and from one another, so that they could reflect on their crimes and repent. We will write a custom essay sample on Crime, Law, and Society or any similar topic only for you Order Now Soon after forming, the Pennsylvania legislature authorized the building of a penitentiary based on the system of separate confinement. It was believed that solitary confinement would prevent further corruption from inside prisons, it would allow offenders to reflect on their crimes, it would be an irritating punishment because humans are naturally social, and it would be economical because it would not take long for the reformation process to affect the criminal. In 1834, another Pennsylvania prison based on this system was subject to outside investigations that detailed negative effects of separate confinement; prisoners were not reforming, physical punishments were being used as discipline, and the extended isolation resulted in many prisoners having mental breakdowns. After watching the frontline documentary â€Å"Solitary Nation†, I think it that solitary confinement should only be used in situations where an inmate has committed a serious infraction. There are an estimated 80,000 inmates across the United States in solitary confinement. Todd Thicket, who is in prison for arson, is a good example of why it is wrong to segregate criminals for performing mild to moderate infractions. There is one instance where Todd had made a suicide attempt and officers were unable to offer immediate medical aid until he would handcuff himself. Some inmates, like 21 year old Adam Brutal, claim that they can handle it; Adam can read, write, and do pushup to pass the time. He claims surviving segregation simply requires a strong mind. Within a few months, Adam makes an attempt on his life by severing veins in his arm. According to Lamar Kelly, an inmate at Maine State Prison, there are 20 such incidents per month. The practice of solitary confinement began in the eighteen hundreds as a progressive experiment to see if isolation would help criminals reform. This idea was soon abandoned when it was revealed that prisoners not only did not reform, but also lost their minds. The practice of solitary confinement was revived in the sass as a method to stamp out prison violence. The warden at Maine State Prison, Rodney Bradford, believes that solitary confinement should only be used for extremely violent criminals, and that it is very overused throughout the United States. One example of an incredibly violent and dangerous criminal is Peter Gibbs; he has made many threats to kill the warden and other inmates. Many would argue that Peter is the type of criminal who deserves to be confined, however Peter makes a good point when he says â€Å"it’s a fantasy to think you’re going to change a man who doesn’t want to change. † In some cases, isolating criminals who do not want to change may only be contributing to their mental illnesses. Dry. Dan Banish says that consequences must be enforced among the inmates, even if such consequences do not benefit the inmates. The documentary does not end optimistically. Maine State Prison does drastically reduce the number of prisoners held in solitary confinement, but there was at least one incident where an inmate was released and shortly afterward stabbed someone 87 times, and many of the inmates featured in â€Å"Solitary Nation† went on to make more attempts on their lives. I think that infractions which result in solitary confinement need to be much less strict and should result in much less time spent in isolation, although there are cases where it can be a deserved punishment. I also think that other options, such as counseling, should be used in place of the lesser infractions. How to cite Crime, Law, and Society, Papers

Deforestation In Brazil Essay Example For Students

Deforestation In Brazil Essay In one of the major regions of deforestation, the province of Rhondonia, Brazil, the rainfall has been severely and or completely stopped. Theory: As the tropical rainforest of Rhondonia, Brazil is leveled for farmland, rainfall is significantly and directly reduced. Rainfall is reduced because there are fewer trees to return water vapor to the air through tree transpiration, or water evaporation through trees. Relative humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air compared with the amount of vapor needed to make the air saturated at the airs current temperature. The point past saturation is precipitation, or rainfall. If deforestation is the cause of decreased rainfall, then decreased average relative humidity will be evident. Experimental Design: In order, to isolate deforestation as the primary factor causing decreased rainfall, tests will be conducted to measure relative humidity. A sling psychrometer will be used to gain these measurements. http://www.taftan.com/thermodynamics/HYGROMT. HTM It is used to measure the amount of moisture in the air. The dry-bulb thermometer measures the air temperature, and the wet-bulb measures the lowest temperature that can be obtained by evaporating water into the air at constant pressure. A calculator will be used to convert to relative humidity. http://www.srh.noaa. It is used to measure the amount of moisture in the air. The dry-bulb thermometer measures the air temperature, and the wet-bulb measures the lowest temperature that can be obtained by evaporating water into the air at constant pressure. A calculator will be used to convert to relative humidity. http://www.srh.noaa. gov/elp/wxcalc/rh.html El Paso National Weather Service Offices weather calculator This converter will take the wet-bulb temperature, the air temperature and the current uncorrected pressure and calculates the relative humidity and dewpoint. Please enter your air temperature and then choose either Fahrenheit or Celsius. Fahrenheit Celsius Please enter your wet-bulb temperature and then choose either Fahrenheit or Celsius. Fahrenheit Celsius Please enter your actual station pressure (not sea level pressure) and then choose either millibars or inches of Mercury. Millibars Inches of Mercury Relative humidity measurements will be taken every day for one year. The measurements will be taken at different stations in the rainforest. Four stations will be located no further than 10 miles from current areas of deforestation. Four other stations will be located at the interior of the rainforest, and at least 50 miles from recent deforestation. After these measurements are taken, they will be analyzed in three different ways. Run Experiment: The daily measurements were tracked for one year. Comparison 1 The recent relative humidity measurements of the rainforest will be compared to previous figures of relative humidity. The average off all relative humidity measurements will be compared to the relative humidity of the rainforest before this experiment. Comparison 2 Recent relative humidity measurements of different regions of the rainforest will be compared. Measurements from areas near to sites of deforestation will be compared to measurements from sites further from areas of deforestation. Comparison 3 Measurements towards the end of the study will be compared to measurements at the end of the study. Average relative humidity measurements for the first month of the study will be compared to the average from the last month. Analysis: Comparison 1 Taking the average of all measurements and comparing it to the average relative humidity from the prior year it was found that the average relative humidity had dropped one percent. Comparison 2 Taking the average of each stations relative humidity, it was found that all stations within 10 miles from deforestation had an average of two percent lower that stations at least 50 miles from deforestation. Comparison 3 Taking the average relative humidity for the last month from all stations and comparing it to the first months average it was found that the average had dropped .5 percent over the year. Conclusion: The findings suggest that deforestation is affecting the amount of rainfall in .uf465aaac707ffeeebf75fd525a2639b2 , .uf465aaac707ffeeebf75fd525a2639b2 .postImageUrl , .uf465aaac707ffeeebf75fd525a2639b2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf465aaac707ffeeebf75fd525a2639b2 , .uf465aaac707ffeeebf75fd525a2639b2:hover , .uf465aaac707ffeeebf75fd525a2639b2:visited , .uf465aaac707ffeeebf75fd525a2639b2:active { border:0!important; } .uf465aaac707ffeeebf75fd525a2639b2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf465aaac707ffeeebf75fd525a2639b2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf465aaac707ffeeebf75fd525a2639b2:active , .uf465aaac707ffeeebf75fd525a2639b2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf465aaac707ffeeebf75fd525a2639b2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf465aaac707ffeeebf75fd525a2639b2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf465aaac707ffeeebf75fd525a2639b2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf465aaac707ffeeebf75fd525a2639b2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf465aaac707ffeeebf75fd525a2639b2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf465aaac707ffeeebf75fd525a2639b2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf465aaac707ffeeebf75fd525a2639b2 .uf465aaac707ffeeebf75fd525a2639b2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf465aaac707ffeeebf75fd525a2639b2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Specific heat of solids EssayBrazil. The deforestation will not only continue to affect rainfall but will lead to increased global warming as evaporative cooling decreases. Evaporative cooling takes place when solar energy, or heat, is used to convert water from trees to water vapor or humidity. .